تأثیر رقابت در بازار محصول بر کیفیت سود با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک تحلیل عاملی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز، ایران.

2 مربی و عضو هیأت علمی گروه حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حسابداری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر رقابت در بازار محصول بر کیفیت سود (اقلام تعهدی اختیاری، دستکاری فعالیت‌های واقعی، هموارسازی سود و قابلیت پیش‌بینی سود) برای 131 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس تهران در قالب 17 طبقه صنعت و در دوره زمانی 1391- 1385 است. بدین منظور برای سنجش هرچه بهتر رقابت در بازار از 8 شاخص رایج در این زمینه استفاده شده و سپس با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک تحلیل عاملی، این شاخص‌ها در 3 عامل رقابت بالقوه، رقابت بالفعل و سودآوری صنعت (به عنوان متغیر کنترلی) خلاصه شدند. نتایج پژوهش بر اساس داده‌های تابلویی و تلفیقی بیانگر آن است که رقابت بالفعل در کل رابطۀ معناداری با کیفیت سود ندارد. اما، رقابت بالقوه رابطۀ مثبت و معناداری با کیفیت سود صنایع مورد بررسی دارد. به عبارتی، در شرایط رقابتی ناشی از تهدید ورود رقبای جدید به بازار، شرکت های حاضر در بازار مجبور به گزارش سود با کیفیت‌تر از طریق کاهش در مدیریت سود (اعم از دستکاری در اقلام تعهدی و فعالیت‌های واقعی)، می‌شوند که این موضوع باعث افزایش قابلیت پیش‌بینی سود خواهد شود. با این حال، این کاهش انگیزه در مدیریت سود به معنای عدم وجود دستکاری در سود نیست، بلکه شرکت های حاضر در چنین صنایعی همان حداقل دستکاری در سود را در جهت هموارسازی بیشتر سود انجام می‌دهند تا با از بین بردن نوسانات آن، محتوای اطلاعاتی سود را درباره جریان های نقدی آینده بهبود بخشند.

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