Explaining the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Earnings Quality in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Using panel data analysis, this paper examines the relationship between corporate governance and quality of reported earnings. The sample is comprised of 117 listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period of 1386-1388. Prior research has used many surrogates for corporate governance. However, the criticism of the extant research has been that corporate governance comprises many facets and is not uni-dimensional. Quality of earnings is measured in seven ways. Empirical tests demonstrate that the overall governance measure is 1) negatively related to the accrual quality, earnings persistence, earnings management and conservatism, 2) positively related to the earnings predictability and earnings timeliness, and 3) not related to the value relevance. In other words, the results suggest that there are multiple dimensions to the relationship between earnings quality and corporate governance that preclude supporting the spirit of either the monitoring or the assurance hypotheses. Furthermore, our results suggest that disaggregating corporate governance measure into more components cause to decreasing in explanatory power of the models. Finally, the relationship between corporate governance and various measures of earnings quality in different industries is not homogenous.

Keywords


- آقایی، محمدعلی و چالاکی، پری. (1388). بررسی رابطه بین ویژگی‌های حاکمیت شرکتی و مدیریت سود در شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. تحقیقات حسابداری، سال اول، شماره 4، صص 77- 54.
- بادآور نهندی، یونس؛ برادران، رسول و محمودزاده، سعید. (1390). بررسی رابطه بین برخی مکانیزمهای نظام راهبری شرکت‌ها و محافظه‌کاری در گزارشگری مالی. تحقیقات حسابداری، سال سوم، شماره 9، صص 154-130.
- ستایش، محمدحسین؛ قربانی، اصغر و گل محمدی، مریم. (1389). بررسی تاثیر حاکمیت شرکتی بر هموارسازی سود شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. تحقیقات حسابداری، سال دوم، شماره 7، صص 51-34.
- فروغی، داریوش و احمدی، نوشین. (1389). بررسی رابطه بین ترکیب سهامداران و کیفیت اقلام تعهدی در شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. تحقیقات حسابداری، سال دوم، شماره 5، صص 103- 90.
- کرمی، غلامرضا؛ حسینی، سیدعلی و حسنی، عباس. (1389). بررسی رابطه بین ساز وکارهای نظام راهبری شرکت و محافظه‌کاری در شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. تحقیقات حسابداری، سال دوم، شماره 7، صص 99- 86.
- مرادزاده فرد، مهدی؛ ناظمی، مهدی؛ غلامی، رضا و فرزانی، حجت. (1388). بررسی رابطه بین مالکیت نهادی سهام و مدیریت سود در شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. بررسی‌های حسابداری و حسابرسی، دوره 16، شماره 55، صص 98-85.
- مشایخ، شهناز و اسماعیلی، مریم. (1385). بررسی رابطه بین کیفیت سود و برخی از اصول راهبری در شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس تهران. بررسی­های حسابداری و حسابرسی، شماره 45، صص 44-25.
- نصرالهی، زهرا و عارف‌منش، زهره. (1389). بررسی رابطه بین مالکیت و کیفیت سود در شرکت‌های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. دانش حسابداری، سال اول، شماره 3، صص 138- 117.
 
- Ahmed, A. and Duellman, S. (2007). Accounting Conservatism and Board of Director Characteristics: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 43, pp. 411-437.
- Basu, S. (1997). The Conservatism Principle and the Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 24, pp. 3-37.
- Bebchuk, L., Cohen, A. and Ferrel, A. (2008). What matters in corporate governance? The Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 27, pp. 1-45.
- Beekes, W., Pope, F. and Young, S. (2004). The Link between Earnings Timeliness, Earnings Conservatism and Board Composition: Evidence from the UK. Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 12, pp. 47-51.
- Burns, N. and Kedia, S. (2006). The Impact of Performance-based Compensation on Misreporting. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 79, pp. 35-67.
- Bushman, R. and Smith, A. (2001). Financial Accounting Information and Corporate Governance. Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 32, pp. 237-333.
- Dey, A. (2005). Corporate Governance and Financial Reporting Credibility. Working Paper, Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management, Evanston, Illinois.
- Doyle, J., Ge, W. and McVay, S. (2007). Accruals Quality and Internal Control over Financial Reporting. The Accounting Review, Vol. 82, pp. 1141-1170.
- Francis, J., Huang, A., Rajgopal, S. and Zang, A. (2008). CEO Reputation and Earnings Quality. Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 25, pp. 109-147.
- García Lara, J., García Osma, B. and Penalva, F. (2009). Accounting Conservatism and Corporate Governance. Review of Accounting Studies, Vol. 14, pp. 161-201.
- Ge, W., Matsumoto, D. and Zhang, J. (2008). Do CFOs Have Styles of Their Own? An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Individual CFOs on Financial Reporting Practices. Working paper, Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington.
- Geiger, M. and North, D. (2006). Does Hiring a New CFO Change Things? An Investigation of Changes in Discretionary Accruals. The Accounting Review, Vol. 81, pp. 781-809.
- Gompers, P., Ishii, J. and Metrick, A. (2003). Corporate Governance and Equity Prices. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 118, pp. 107-155.
- Gul, F., Srinidhi, B. and Tsui, J. (2007). Do Female Directors Enhance Corporate Board Monitoring? Some Evidence from Earnings Quality. Working Paper, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
- Haber, J. and Braunstein, A. (2008). Earnings Quality Ratings and Corporate Governance: A Comparison of Two Models. The Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research, Vol. 3(2), Accounting & Tax Periodicals, pp. 44-56.
- Hamilton, J., Ruddock, C., Stokes, D. and Taylor, S. (2005). Audit Partner Rotation, Earnings Quality and Earnings Conservatism. Working Paper, School of Accounting, University of New South Wales, Australia.
- Hashim, H. and Devi, S. (2007). Corporate Governance, Ownership Structure and Earnings Quality: Malaysian Evidence. Working Paper, Faculty of Management and Economics, University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Malaysia.
- Ismail, W., Dunstan, K. and Zijl, T. (2009). Earnings Quality and Corporate Governance Following the Implementation of Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance. School of Accounting and Commercial Law, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, Available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1543524.
- Jiang, W., Lee, P. and Anandarajan, A. (2008). The Association between Corporate Governance and Earnings Quality: Further Evidence Using the GOV-Score. Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting, Vol. 24, pp. 191-201.
- Jiang, W. and Anandarajan, A. (2009). Shareholder Rights, Corporate Governance and Earnings Quality: The Influence of Institutional Investors. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 24 (8), pp. 767-791.
- Joseph, P. Fan, and Wong, T. (2002). Corporate Ownership Structure and the Informativeness of Accounting Earnings in East Asia. Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol. 33, pp. 401-425.
- Katz, S. (2008). Earnings Quality and Ownership Structure: The Role of Private Equity Sponsors. Working Paper, Harvard Business School, Boston.
- Kim, J. and Yi, C. (2006). Ownership Structure, Business Group Affiliation, Listing Status, and Earnings Management: Evidence from Korea. Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 23, pp. 427-464.
- Krishnan, G. and Parsons, L. (2008). Getting to the Bottom Line: An Exploration of Gender and Earnings Quality. Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 78, pp. 65-76.
- LaFond, R. and Roychowdhury, S. (2008). Managerial Ownership and Accounting Conservatism. Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 46, pp. 101-135.
- Lail, B. (2009). The Impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on Earnings Quality and the Cross-Listing Decision. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Oklahoma, Graduate College, UMI Number: 3352821.
- Larcker, D., Richardson, S. and Tuna, I. (2007). Corporate Governance, Accounting Outcomes, and Organizational Performance. The Accounting Review, Vol. 82, pp. 963-1008.
- Leuz, C., Nanda, D. and Wysocki, P. (2003). Earning Management and Investor Protection: an International Comparison. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 69, pp. 505-527.
- Lin, J., Li, J. and Yang, J. (2006). The Effect of Audit Committee Performance on Earnings Quality. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 21(9), pp. 921-933.
- Lobo, G. and Zhou, Z. (2006). Did Conservatism in Financial Reporting Increase after the Sarbanes Oxley Act? Initial Evidence. Accounting Horizons, Vol. 20 (1), pp. 57-73.
- Machuga, S. and Teitel, k. (2007). The Effects of the Mexican Corporate Governance Code on Quality of Earnings and Its Components. Journal of International Accounting Research, Vol. 6 (1), pp.37-55.
- Machuga, S. and Teitel, k. (2009). Board of Director Characteristics and Earnings Quality Surrounding Implementation of A Corporate Governance Code in Mexico. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Vol. 18(1), pp.1-13.
- Mayoral, J. and Sanchez-Segura, A. (2008). Corporate Governance and Earnings Quality: Evidence from Spanish Companies. PC-SAR, Vol. 11(1), pp. 67-100.
- Mc­Nichols, M. (2002). Discussion of the Quality of Accruals and Earnings: the Role of Accrual Estimation Errors. The Accounting Review, Vol. 77 (supplementary), pp. 61-69.
- Nitkin, M. (2007). An Investigation of the Association between Governance Quality and Accrual-based Earnings Quality. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Boston University, School of Management, UMI Number: 3240635.
- Niu, F. (2006). Corporate Governance and the Quality of Accounting Earnings: A Canadian Perspective. International Journal of Managerial Finance, Vol. 2(4), pp. 302-327.
- Pergola, T. (2006). Management Entrenchment, Corporate Governance, and Earnings Quality. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Nova Southwestern University, School of Business and Entrepreneurship, UMI Number: 3217980.
- Pergola, T., Joseph, G. and Jenzarli, A. (2009). Effects of Corporate Governance and Board Equity Ownership on Earnings Quality. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, Vol. 13(4), pp. 87-114.
- Schipper, K. and Vincent, L. (2003). Earnings quality. Accounting Horizons, Vol. 17 (supplement) pp. 97-110.
- Searles, M. and Teitel, K. (2008). The Effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on Earnings Quality. Working Paper, Department of Economics Honors Program, The College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts.
- Sivaramakrishnan, K. and Yu, S. (2008). On the Association between Corporate Governance and Earnings Quality. Working Paper, Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1014243.
- Srinidhi, B. and Gul, F. (2007). The Differential Effects of Auditors' Nonaudit and Audit Fees on Accrual Quality. Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 24, pp. 595-629.
- Suh, S. (2009). The Characteristics of a Classified Board and the Effects of the Board on Earnings Quality, Accounting Conservatism, and Credit Risk. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Graduate School of Syracuse University, UMI Number: 3385860.
- Wang, D. (2006). Founding Family Ownership and Earnings Quality. Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 44 (3), pp. 619-656.